{"id":1689,"date":"2025-10-09T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T08:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iqeq.com\/us\/?p=1689"},"modified":"2025-10-10T13:19:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T13:19:19","slug":"why-u-s-managers-are-turning-to-irish-vehicles-over-the-traditional-season-and-sell-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iqeq.com\/us\/insights\/why-u-s-managers-are-turning-to-irish-vehicles-over-the-traditional-season-and-sell-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Why U.S. managers are turning to Irish vehicles over the traditional \u201cseason and sell\u201d model\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"text-block standard-spacing  \">    <div class=\"container fade-in\">\n        <p><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">By Karl Cowman, Client Relationship Director<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the evolving landscape of private credit and direct lending, U.S. asset managers are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iqeq.com\/ie\/expertise\/why-ireland-is-an-ideal-destination-for-private-equity-firms\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">increasingly turning to Irish fund vehicles<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to structure their investments more efficiently and strategically. This shift marks a departure from the long-favoured \u201cseason and sell\u201d model, which, despite its historical popularity, has proven to be less robust \u2013 not only in terms of tax efficiency but also in operational agility, investor alignment and long-term scalability.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>The limitations of \u201cseason and sell\u201d<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The \u201cseason and sell\u201d model involves U.S. entities holding loans for a short period, typically 30 to 90 days, before transferring them to offshore vehicles. This approach is intended to help reduce the impact of U.S. taxes on income earned from loan investments. However, it comes with significant drawbacks that extend beyond tax considerations:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Return erosion<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The seasoning delay means loans are transferred at fair market value, often reducing returns for offshore investors<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hidden costs<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Legal, audit and operational expenses can range from 5 to 35 basis points, and origination fees often add another 1\u20132% of the loan value<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Investor disparity<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Offshore investors frequently earn significantly less than their U.S. counterparts due to non-visible leakage, with disparities reaching up to $5 million on a $100 million investment<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Operational complexity<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The need to manage multiple entities and jurisdictions increases administrative burden and risk<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Regulatory uncertainty<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The model\u2019s reliance on timing and valuation introduces compliance challenges, particularly in a tightening regulatory environment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The rise of Irish treaty-based structures<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Irish vehicles, particularly the\u202fIrish Collective Asset-management Vehicle (ICAV)\u202fand\u202fSection 110 companies, have emerged as powerful alternatives. These structures offer U.S. managers a more globally appealing, operationally streamlined and investor-friendly solution.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Treaty benefits<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The ICAV\u2019s inclusion in the U.S.-Ireland double tax treaty means qualifying Irish funds are not subject to U.S. taxation on income, provided they meet specific criteria:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Ownership test<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: At least 50% of the fund must be owned by U.S. residents or other \u201cgood persons\u201d<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Base erosion test<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Deductible payments to non-U.S. persons must not exceed 50% of gross income<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ICAVs, being statutorily exempt from Irish tax on profits, easily pass the base erosion test. Section 110 companies, meanwhile, use profit-participating notes to minimise Irish corporate tax liability, making them highly efficient for structured credit strategies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Irish treaty funds are also notably structured to avoid being deemed as having a U.S. permanent establishment, which would trigger U.S. tax obligations. This is achieved by ensuring fund managers act as independent agents, both legally and economically, under Inland Revenue Service (IRS) guidelines.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Strategic advantages of Irish vehicles<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Beyond tax efficiency, Irish fund structures offer a suite of strategic benefits that make them attractive to U.S. managers:<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Regulatory certainty<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: A streamlined 24-hour fund authorisation process accelerates time-to-market and reduces regulatory friction<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Global connectivity<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Dublin\u2019s direct flights to 19 U.S. cities enhance operational convenience and facilitate cross-border collaboration<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Investor alignment<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Irish structures enable day-one loan origination without triggering U.S. tax, ensuring more equitable returns across investor bases<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Scalability<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Ireland holds over \u20ac5 trillion in domiciled funds and this number is projected to grow significantly in the coming years, placing Ireland among Europe\u2019s largest fund domiciles by 2030<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Reputational strength<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Ireland\u2019s reputation as a transparent, well-regulated jurisdiction enhances investor confidence and supports long-term fundraising<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Talent and infrastructure<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: A deep pool of fund administration, legal and compliance expertise supports complex strategies and rapid scaling.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Addressing the pitfalls of traditional models<\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Unlike the \u201cseason and sell\u201d model, Irish vehicles eliminate the need for seasoning delays, allowing for immediate loan origination and deployment. This not only improves returns but also reduces complexity, operational risk and hidden costs. Additionally, Irish structures offer greater parity between U.S. and non-U.S. investors, promoting a more inclusive and transparent investment environment.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>The key takeaway<\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iqeq.com\/services\/private-credit-in-ireland\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">private credit<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> continues its meteoric rise, U.S. managers are rethinking traditional fund structures. Irish vehicles backed by treaty benefits, regulatory agility, operational efficiency and investor alignment are proving to be a superior alternative to the \u201cseason and sell\u201d model. For managers seeking global reach, robust compliance and optimised returns, Ireland is no longer just a gateway to Europe, it\u2019s a strategic cornerstone for modern credit strategies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">To find out more about IQ-EQ\u2019s support for U.S. managers exploring Irish fund vehicles, please <\/span><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/iqeq.com\/ie\/locations\/ireland\/#contact-us\"><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">contact our expert team today<\/span><\/b><\/a><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n            <\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":51,"featured_media":1690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"expertise":[14],"service_category":[],"class_list":["post-1689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why U.S. managers are turning to Irish vehicles over the traditional \u201cseason and sell\u201d model\u00a0 | IQ-EQ U.S.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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